There are plenty of other sites giving extensive lists of family history links, so I have only list a few of the main archive resources and a few that don't appear so often.
Coalmining:
- Scottish Mining - Excellent site for all sorts of information transcribed from original documents and information on all aspects of life in mining communities
- Coalmining History Resource Centre - history of UK coalmining - including a searchable database of over 164,000 recorded accidents and deaths.
Archives / Sources of Information:
- National Records of Scotland - NAS Searchable database
- National Library of Scotland - Digital Map Collection - best source for historical OS Maps, town maps etc for Scotland
- Old and New Statistical Accounts of Scotland
- SCRAN - (Scottish Cultural Resources Access Network) a searchable collection of 300,000 digitised images and text from from museums, archives and galleries in Scotland.
- National Archives - (combining the Public Record Office and Historic Manuscripts Commision)
- Poorhouses and Workhouses of Scotland
- Gazetteer for Scotland - Modern gazetteer but including entries from 'Groome's Gazetteer' of 1885.
- Dictionary of the Scots Language - electronic editions of the two major historical dictionaries of the Scots language.
Others:
- Annie Easton Hood - life story written by Annie Easton Hood
- Tranent - Coal, Co-op and Community - history of Tranent
- Compare purchasing power of money 1264-2002
- Moore Books - specialist in new and second hand mining books
Here's some links suggested by Maura Stephenson's class from Colorado who used this site to help with their scottish history and genealogy projects, and which they hope others might also find useful.
History of Scotland - Authenticireland.com - History of Scotland
Scottish Ancestry - Geo.ed.ac.uk - Scotland Genealogy
Culture of Scotland - Scotland.org - culture